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此条目是本人在维基百科(wikipedia)里的编辑(亦得到一些朋友的协作),如有错误或不全之处请指教。<br/>
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<h1 class="firstHeading">廊桥</h1>
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<div class="floatleft"><span><a href="../wiki/Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png" title="" class="image"><img width="40" height="40" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nuvola_apps_browser.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_browser.png" alt=""/></a></span></div><b>本文仅呈现地方的视野或资讯,内容需要补充全球观点。</b><br/><small>欢迎进一步<b><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" class="external text">修改</a></span></b>以提供全球观点,或在<a href="../wiki/Talk:%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5" title="Talk:廊桥">讨论页</a>中进行讨论。</small></div>
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<div style="width: 302px;"><a href="../wiki/Image:Chengyangqiao%2C_Guangxi%2C_China.jpg" title="程阳桥(风雨桥)" class="internal"><img width="300" height="225" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Chengyangqiao%2C_Guangxi%2C_China.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Chengyangqiao%2C_Guangxi%2C_China.jpg/300px-Chengyangqiao%2C_Guangxi%2C_China.jpg" alt="程阳桥(风雨桥)"/></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="../wiki/Image:Chengyangqiao%2C_Guangxi%2C_China.jpg" title="放大" class="internal"><img width="15" height="11" src="../skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="放大"/></a></div><a href="../wiki/%E5%BB%8A%E6%A9%8B#.E9.A3.8E.E9.9B.A8.E6.A1.A5" title="廊橋">程阳桥(风雨桥)</a></div></div></div>
<p><b>廊桥</b>亦称<b>虹桥</b>、<b>蜈蚣桥</b>等,为有顶的<a href="../wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋">桥</a>,可保护桥梁,同时亦可遮阳避雨、供人休憩、交流、聚会等作用。主要有木拱廊桥、石拱廊桥、木平廊桥、风雨桥、亭桥等。其中木拱廊桥分布于<a href="../wiki/%E9%97%BD" title="闽">闽</a><a href="../wiki/%E6%B5%99" title="浙">浙</a>边界山区,尤其在<a href="../wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" title="浙江">浙江</a><a href="../wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%A1%BA" title="泰顺">泰顺</a>,泰顺因此被称为廊桥之乡,木拱廊桥目前尚存200余座。2005年末,浙江<a href="../wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%A1%BA" title="泰顺">泰顺</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%85%83" title="庆元">庆元</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%AE%81" title="景宁">景宁</a>和<a href="../wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" title="福建">福建</a><a href="../wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%AE%81" title="寿宁">寿宁</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%B1%8F%E5%8D%97" title="屏南">屏南</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%BC%8E" title="福鼎">福鼎</a>等县市联合将廊桥向国家申报<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界文化遗产">世界文化遗产</a>预备名单。此外分布于<a href="../wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>(<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a>)、<a href="../wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" title="北美">北美</a>的廊桥风格有别于中国,各具特色,如<a href="../wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>小城<a href="../wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%A1%9E%E6%81%A9" title="卢塞恩">卢塞恩</a>的<a href="../wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%A9%8B" title="卡貝爾橋">卡贝尔桥</a>(<span lang="de" xmllang="de">Kapellbrücke</span>)。</p>
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<div id="toctitle">
<h2>目录</h2>
<span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" id="togglelink" class="internal">隐藏</a>]</span></div>
<ul lastcheckbox="null"><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>
<span class="toctext">历史</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E6.9C.A8.E6.8B.B1.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>
<span class="toctext">木拱廊桥</span></a>
<ul lastcheckbox="null"><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E6.B3.B0.E9.A1.BA.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span>
<span class="toctext">泰顺廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.BA.86.E5.85.83.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span>
<span class="toctext">庆元廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E6.99.AF.E5.AE.81.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span>
<span class="toctext">景宁廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.AF.BF.E5.AE.81.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span>
<span class="toctext">寿宁廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.B1.8F.E5.8D.97.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span>
<span class="toctext">屏南廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E7.A6.8F.E9.BC.8E.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span>
<span class="toctext">福鼎廊桥</span></a>
</li></ul>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E9.A3.8E.E9.9B.A8.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>
<span class="toctext">风雨桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E4.BA.AD.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>
<span class="toctext">亭桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E6.AC.A7.E6.B4.B2.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">5</span>
<span class="toctext">欧洲廊桥</span></a>
<ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.8D.A1.E8.B4.9D.E5.B0.94.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span>
<span class="toctext">卡贝尔桥</span></a>
</li></ul>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.8C.97.E7.BE.8E.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"><span class="tocnumber">6</span>
<span class="toctext">北美廊桥</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"><span class="tocnumber">7</span>
<span class="toctext">参见</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"><span class="tocnumber">8</span>
<span class="toctext">相关链接</span></a>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="post.asp?action=new&boardid=3#.E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"><span class="tocnumber">9</span>
<span class="toctext">参考资料</span></a>
</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">历史</span></h2>
<p>廊桥在<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国">中国</a>已有2000多年的历史,<a href="../wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉朝</a>已有关于“廊桥”的记载。<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E8%99%B9%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="虹桥" class="new">虹桥</a>盛行于北宋时<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>地区,以<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%B4%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%B9%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="汴水虹桥" class="new">汴水虹桥</a>为代表。但汴水虹桥只留在了<a href="../wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>画家<a href="../wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E6%8B%A9%E7%AB%AF" title="张择端">张择端</a>所画的《<a href="../wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%8A%E6%B2%B3%E5%9B%BE" title="清明上河图">清明上河图</a>》中。但有专家认为这种虹桥技术目前依然存于闽浙边界的木拱廊桥,并未失传。</p>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">木拱廊桥</span></h2>
<p>木拱廊桥分布在闽浙边界山区,包括浙江<a href="../wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="温州">温州</a>的<a href="../wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%A1%BA" title="泰顺">泰顺</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%85%83" title="庆元">庆元</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%AE%81" title="景宁">景宁</a>和<a href="../wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" title="福建">福建</a><a href="../wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%BE%B7" title="宁德">宁德</a>的<a href="../wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%AE%81" title="寿宁">寿宁</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%B1%8F%E5%8D%97" title="屏南">屏南</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%BC%8E" title="福鼎">福鼎</a>等地,木拱廊桥现存200余座。其中泰顺县、庆元县、景宁县、寿宁县据传设于<a href="../wiki/%E6%98%8E" title="明">明</a>朝<a href="../wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B3%B0" title="景泰">景泰</a>年间,为祝皇帝寿庆,合称“景泰寿庆”。廊桥在各地外观上存在着差异,泰顺、景宁的廊桥相桥凳窄、桥身侧板为半封闭;庆元、寿宁的板凳则为宽的,坐、卧兼可,侧板则为全封闭,上开各式小窗用以采光。</p>
<p>木拱廊桥亦被学者称为“木拱桥”,在泰顺境内当地人则称为<b>蜈蚣桥</b>。对于木拱廊桥的研究始于20世纪中期,1959年<a href="../wiki/%E7%BE%85" title="羅">罗</a>英先生出版《中国桥梁史料》,内收<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E5%AF%B0%E6%BE%84&action=edit" title="唐寰澄" class="new">唐寰澄</a>先生研究汴水虹桥的文章,而当时的学术界普遍认为虹桥技术已失传。七十年代末人们“发现”了在浙南的木拱廊桥,因此<a href="../wiki/%E8%8C%85%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%87" title="茅以升">茅以升</a>的《中国古桥技术史》则举泰顺薛宅桥和庆元的竹口桥等五桥为例证明“北宁时期盛行于中原的虹桥技术并未失传”,此后又经历多了方讨论。但<a href="../wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="南京大学">南京大学</a>建筑系的<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%B5%E8%BE%B0&action=edit" title="赵辰" class="new">赵辰</a>教授认为木拱廊桥是典型的山地人居文化遗产。</p>
<p>赵辰教授的依据是浙闽边界地区山高溪深,有众多山崖。行路极不便,修路、铺桥,成为当地居民的基本需求,而且当地盛产杉木,为木拱桥提供了材料来
源。同时当地处亚热带海洋性季风气候区,夏季多雨,这让加盖廊屋、侧板成为以保护木制桥身的必要要求。同时正因如此,廊桥成为了当地居民交流、聚会的中
心。</p>
<p><a name=".E6.B3.B0.E9.A1.BA.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline"><a href="../wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%A1%BA%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5" title="泰顺廊桥">泰顺廊桥</a></span></h3>
<p><a href="../wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%A1%BA" title="泰顺">泰顺</a>有“中国古桥之乡”的雅称,境内有各式桥梁900多座,又因其现存最多的廊桥,又被称作“廊桥王国”。泰顺人长期以来称廊桥为“蜈蚣桥”。目前有<a href="../wiki/%E6%98%8E" title="明">明</a><a href="../wiki/%E6%B8%85" title="清">清</a>古廊桥30余座,其中木拱廊桥6座,包括泗溪姐妹桥(<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AA%E4%B8%9C%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="溪东桥" class="new">溪东桥</a>、<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B6%A7%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="北涧桥" class="new">北涧桥</a>);三魁薛宅桥、仙居桥;筱村文兴桥、三条桥。其中以溪东桥最著名。</p>
<p><a name=".E5.BA.86.E5.85.83.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">庆元廊桥</span></h3>
<p><a href="../wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%85%83" title="庆元">庆元</a>的廊桥内为全封闭、宽桥凳,为使桥面更坚固、耐用,多铺设鹅卵石。现存有<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%99%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="龙桥" class="new">龙桥</a>、<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E6%BA%AA%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="兰溪桥" class="new">兰溪桥</a>等</p>
<p><a name=".E6.99.AF.E5.AE.81.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">景宁廊桥</span></h3>
<p><a href="../wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%AE%81" title="景宁">景宁</a>为畲族自治县,景宁拥有木拱、木平、石拱廊桥总量为50多座,其中木拱廊桥有6条。现存有<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%A1%A5&action=edit" title="大地桥" class="new">大地桥</a>等</p>
<p><a name=".E5.AF.BF.E5.AE.81.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">寿宁廊桥</span></h3>
<p>据统计,<a href="../wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%AE%81" title="寿宁">寿宁</a>现存木拱廊桥19座,建桥时间从<a href="../wiki/%E6%B8%85" title="清">清</a><a href="../wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%BA%86" title="嘉庆">嘉庆</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89" title="道光">道光</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%B2%BB" title="同治">同治</a>、<a href="../wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BB%AA" title="光绪">光绪</a>,<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中华民国</a>、直至<a href="../wiki/1967%E5%B9%B4" title="1967年">1967年</a>。在寿宁县坑底乡,生活着现今唯一懂建廊桥技术的年逾70的老人<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E9%83%91%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%91&action=edit" title="郑多金" class="new">郑多金</a>,由郑多金1967年主持修建的杨溪头桥被认为是<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国">中国</a>最后建的木拱廊桥。</p>
<p><a name=".E5.B1.8F.E5.8D.97.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">屏南廊桥</span></h3>
<p><a href="../wiki/%E5%B1%8F%E5%8D%97" title="屏南">屏南</a>境内的廊桥据统计有13座。始建于<a href="../wiki/%E5%AE%8B" title="宋">宋</a>代的<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%87%E5%AE%89%E6%A1%A5%EF%BC%88%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5%EF%BC%89&action=edit" title="万安桥(廊桥)" class="new">万安桥</a>长度近百米,为现在<a href="../wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国">中国</a>最长的木拱廊桥。</p>
<p><a name=".E7.A6.8F.E9.BC.8E.E5.BB.8A.E6.A1.A5"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%8A%E6%A1%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑本节">编辑</a>]</span>
<span class="mw-headline">福鼎廊桥</span></h3>
<p><a href="../wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%BC%8E%E5%B8%82" title="福鼎市">福鼎市</a><a href="../w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E9%98%B3%E9%95%87&action=edit" title="管阳镇" class="new">管阳镇</a><a href="../w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%98%B3%E6%9D%91&action=edit" title="西阳村" class="new">西阳村</a>境内的老人桥是福鼎市唯一的廊桥。老人桥建于<a href="../wiki/%E6%98%8E" title="明">明</a><a href="../wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BE%B7" title="正德">正德</a>年间,<a href="../wiki/%E6%B8%85" title="清">清</a><a href="../wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99" title="康熙">康熙</a>时期重修过。</p>
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